METODE SOROGAN ALA PESANTREN
Menurut Gus Baha, Metode Sorogan adalah cara belajar di mana seorang murid membaca kitab atau materi pelajaran secara langsung di hadapan gurunya. Tujuannya agar guru dapat mengetahui apakah murid tersebut sudah benar bacaan dan pemahamannya, atau masih ada yang perlu diperbaiki.
Metode ini merupakan salah satu tradisi keilmuan Islam sejak zaman dahulu kala, dan bahkan kini diadopsi pula oleh para pelajar bahasa asing sebagai metode yang efektif.
Pendapat Ulama dan Sejarahnya
Imam As-Suyuti dalam kitab Al-Itqon (1/343) menjelaskan berbagai cara menuntut ilmu (Tahammul)
"Adapun cara membaca di hadapan guru (Metode Sorogan), itulah metode yang senantiasa digunakan baik oleh para ulama terdahulu maupun generasi setelahnya."
Salah satu tokoh besar yang mempraktikkan metode ini adalah Imam Asy-Syafi'i. Sebagaimana tertulis dalam kitab Adab Al-Imla (1/95)
"Imam Asy-Syafi'i berkata: 'Aku membaca kitab Al-Muwattha' secara sorogan di hadapan Imam Malik.'"
Jadi, metode sorogan bukanlah hal baru, melainkan warisan para ulama yang terbukti ampuh untuk mencetak generasi yang hafal dan paham ilmunya
ENGLISH
THE SOROGAN METHOD: THE TRADITIONAL ISLAMIC BOARDING SCHOOL WAY
According to Gus Baha, the Sorogan Method is a learning system where a student reads a book or lesson material directly in front of their teacher. The purpose is so the teacher can check if the student's reading and understanding are correct, or if there are still parts that need to be corrected.
This method is one of the scholarly traditions of Islam since ancient times. Interestingly, it is now also adopted by students of foreign languages as an effective way to learn.
Scholars' Views and History
Imam As-Suyuti, in his book Al-Itqan (1/343), explains the various methods of acquiring knowledge. He states:
"As for reading in front of a teacher (the Sorogan Method), this is the method that has always been used by the scholars of the past, as well as the generations that followed."
One of the great scholars who practiced this method was Imam As-Shafi'i. As written in the book Adab Al-Imla (1/95):
"Imam As-Shafi'i said: 'I read the book Al-Muwatta directly in front of Imam Malik.'"
Therefore, the Sorogan method is not something new. It is a proven legacy from the scholars that is effective in producing generations who memorize and truly understand their knowledge
DALIL
وَأَوْجُهُ التَّحَمُّلِ عِنْدَ أَهْلِ الْحَدِيثِ السَّمَاعُ مِنْ لَفْظِ الشَّيْخِ وَالْقِرَاءَةُ عَلَيْهِ وَالسَّمَاعُ عَلَيْهِ بِقِرَاءَةِ غَيْرِهِ وَالْمُنَاوَلَةُ وَالْإِجَازَةُ وَالْمُكَاتَبَةُ وَالْوَصِيَّةُ وَالْإِعْلَامُ وَالْوِجَادَةُ فَأَمَّا غَيْرُ الْأَوَّلَيْنِ فَلَا يَأْتِي هُنَا لِمَا يُعْلَمُ مِمَّا سَنَذْكُرُهُ.
Adapun beberapa metode Tahammul (Memperoleh atau mempelajari ilmu) menurut Ulama ahli hadits ialah Sama' (mendengarkan) dari Lafadz Syaikh (Guru), Murid Membaca (Sorogan) dihadapan Syaikh, Sama' kepada Syaikh dengan sorogan orang lain, Munawalah (sudah pernah saya tulis), Ijazah, Menulis, Washiyyat, I'lam (Woro-woro) dan Wijadah. Adapun selain dari dua metode yang awal, itu tidak dibahas dalam ulum Al-Qur'an karena hal yang nanti diketahui dari keterangan yang saya (Imam Suyuti) tururkan
According to the scholars of Hadith, there are several methods of Tahammul (acquiring or learning knowledge):
1. Sama': Listening directly from the mouth of the Sheikh (Teacher).
2. Murid Membaca (Sorogan): The student reads in front of the Sheikh.
3. Sama' 'ala Sheikh: Listening to the Sheikh while someone else reads for him.
4. Munawalah (Handing over the book),
5. Ijazah (Permission/License to teach),
6. Mukatabah (Writing/Correspondence),
7. Wasiyyah (Bequest),
8. I'lam (Announcement),
9. Wijadah (Finding the text).
However, methods other than the first two are not discussed in the science of Quranic Exegesis (Ulum Al-Qur'an), as will become clear from the explanations that I (Imam As-Suyuti) will present
وَأَمَّا الْقِرَاءَةُ عَلَى الشَّيْخِ فَهِيَ الْمُسْتَعْمَلَةُ سَلَفًا وَخَلَفًا
"Adapun Membaca dihadapan Guru (Metode Sorogan) Itu metode yang dilakukan Baik oleh Ulama Salaf dan Ulama Khilaf"
وَأَمَّا الْقِرَاءَةُ عَلَى الشَّيْخِ فَهِيَ الْمُسْتَعْمَلَةُ سَلَفًا وَخَلَفًا
"Adapun Membaca dihadapan Guru (Metode Sorogan) Itu metode yang dilakukan Baik oleh Ulama Salaf dan Ulama Khilaf"
"As for reading in front of the teacher (the Sorogan Method), this is the method practiced perfectly by both the Scholars of the Past (Salaf) and the Scholars of later generations (Khalaf)"
الشَّافِعِيَّ رحمه الله يَقُولُ قَرَأْتُ الْمُوَطَّأَ عَلَى مَالِكٍ
Imam Asy-Syafi'i rahimahullah Ta'ala Dawuh "Saya Sorogan Kitab Al-Muwattha Kepada Imam Malik"
"Imam As-Shafi'i (may Allah have mercy on him) said: 'I read the book Al-Muwatta directly in front of Imam Malik"
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